Digital Currency
The following links are to various sites that discuss the alternative of digital currency, direct exchange of digital certificates which may be redeemed for things of value.
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The Microelectronic Revolution, by Jon Roland, April, 1979 — Article in The Futurist, forecasting the Internet, the smart phone, nanotechnology, and digital currency that would eliminate banks. Article was republished in Eastern Airlines Magazine, and a Spanish version in a Mexican magazine.
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Bitcoin — P2P Digital Currency, but increase in value makes it better as an investment than as currency.
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Loom — Digitally encrypted commodity exchange system, warehouse certificates that can be used as currency.
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Litecoin — Like bitcoin, but easier to mine.
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Namecoin — Like bitcoin, but allows users to attach information to any given transaction.
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PPcoin — Like bitcoin, but uses an innovative proof-of-stake system to provide most of the network security instead of proof-of-work like Bitcoin.
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Terracoin — Like bitcoin, but only the "longest" blockchain gets used by the network, thus preventing any malicious nodes, making it even more secure.
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Devcoin — Like bitcoin, but seeks to spur jobs and innovation.
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Electronic money — Wikipedia article, with links to other alternatives.